Nanotechnology Therapy for Type 2 Diabetic Mellitus: Challenges and Future Perspectives

Nanotechnology, the study and the use of materials and systems in the nanoscale (1–100 nm) has transformed a number of industries, including healthcare. Nanoscience examines structures on this scale, and Nanotechnology applies these nanoscale structures to practical uses. Nanotechnology has ancient roots, with early civilizations unknowingly applying nanoscience principles in metallurgy, textile production, and art. However, modern nanotechnology emerged in the 20th century, gaining momentum through key discoveries, government programs, and global research initiatives. Nanotechnology has made major strides in the diagnosis and treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), providing innovative solutions such as drug delivery nanoparticles and accurate glucose monitoring nano sensors. Despite these developments, a number of issues with nanotechnology still need to be resolved before it can be widely used to treat type 2 diabetes. These issues include safety concerns, biological consequences, immunological reactions, and regulatory barriers. Future developments in artificial pancreas systems and tailored nanomedicine have enormous potential to enhance patient outcomes. Future developments could completely transform the management of type 2 diabetes by customizing medications to meet the needs of each patient and utilizing nanotechnology to improve drug targeting and glucose regulation.