Hydrogen Fuel Cells: A Pathway to Sustainable Distributed Energy

Herein, we review hydrogen fuel cell technology as a promising solution for distributed power generation. The various types of fuel cells, including polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM), alkaline, phosphoric acid, solid oxide, and molten carbonate fuel cells, are discussed. Furthermore, the critical components of fuel cells, such as the anode, cathode, electrolyte, and catalyst, and the factors influencing their performance and durability are explored. Additionally, the paper examines the different methods of hydrogen production, including electrolysis, reforming, and gasification, and assesses their environmental impact and economic viability. The potential applications of fuel cells in residential, commercial, and industrial settings are explored, emphasizing their ability to provide clean, reliable, and efficient power supply. Finally, the review discusses the current challenges and future research directions in hydrogen fuel cells, including cost reduction, durability improvement, and infrastructure development.